आपके बच्चे को हमेशा सनस्क्रीन क्यों लगाना चाहिए?
हर किसी को विटामिन डी का उत्पादन करने के लिए सूर्य के प्रकाश की आवश्यकता होती है, जो अधिक मजबूत और स्वस्थ हड्डियों के लिए कैल्शियम अवशोषण में मदद करता है। थोड़ी मात्रा में सूर्य का प्रकाश स्वास्थ्यप्रद और आनंददायक होता है; लेकिन बहुत अधिक खतरनाक हो सकता है, यहां तक कि सूरज की पराबैंगनी (यूवी) किरणों के असुरक्षित संपर्क से त्वचा, आंखों और प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को नुकसान हो सकता है। इस क्षति से त्वचा कैंसर या समय से पहले बुढ़ापा (फोटोएजिंग) हो सकता है।
इसलिए, हमें यूवी किरणों से बचाव की जरूरत है और सनस्क्रीन लगाना यूवी किरणों से बचाव का एक तरीका है। और बच्चों के लिए सनस्क्रीन उतना ही महत्वपूर्ण है जितना कि वयस्कों के लिए। ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि एक बच्चे की त्वचा एक वयस्क की तुलना में अधिक संवेदनशील होती है। छह महीने से अधिक उम्र के बच्चों को सूरज की सीधी किरणों से खुद को बचाने के लिए सनस्क्रीन का उपयोग करना चाहिए क्योंकि इससे सनबर्न और त्वचा की अन्य समस्याएं होने की संभावना होती है।
यूवी विकिरण क्या है?
पराबैंगनी (यूवी) विकिरण सूर्य और कुछ कृत्रिम स्रोतों द्वारा उत्सर्जित गैर-आयनीकरण विकिरण का एक रूप है, जैसे टैनिंग बेड, पारा वाष्प प्रकाश (अक्सर स्टेडियम और स्कूल जिम में पाया जाता है), कुछ हलोजन, फ्लोरोसेंट और गरमागरम रोशनी और कुछ प्रकार लेजर का. जबकि सूर्य की यूवी किरणें लोगों के लिए कुछ लाभकारी हैं, हालांकि वे विटामिन डी बनाने में मदद करती हैं, लेकिन वे स्वास्थ्य जोखिम पैदा कर सकती हैं।
यूवी किरणों के प्रकार:
यूवी विकिरण को तीन किरणों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है। पराबैंगनी ए (यूवीए), पराबैंगनी बी (यूवीबी) और पराबैंगनी सी (यूवीसी), उनकी तरंग दैर्ध्य के आधार पर। लगभग सभी यूवी विकिरण, मुख्य रूप से यूवीए और यूवीबी विकिरण, पृथ्वी तक पहुंचते हैं। UVA और UVB विकिरण स्वास्थ्य को प्रभावित कर सकते हैं, लेकिन UVA त्वचा में गहराई तक प्रवेश करता है और पूरे वर्ष अधिक स्थिर रहता है।
UVB (290-320nm) किरणें सबसे गंभीर क्षति के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं: तीव्र क्षति- सनबर्न, दीर्घकालिक क्षति- त्वचा कैंसर।
UVA (320-400nm) किरणें UVB से अधिक गहराई तक प्रवेश करती हैं और टैनिंग, फोटो-एजिंग, हाइपरपिग्मेंटेशन आदि के लिए जिम्मेदार होती हैं।
UVC (220-290nm) किरणें पूरी तरह से समतापमंडलीय ओजोन द्वारा अवशोषित होती हैं।
एसपीएफ़ और ब्रॉड स्पेक्ट्रम क्या है?
एसपीएफ़ का मतलब सन प्रोटेक्शन फैक्टर है, जो मापता है कि असुरक्षित त्वचा पर सनबर्न पैदा करने के लिए आवश्यक सौर ऊर्जा (यूवी विकिरण) की मात्रा के सापेक्ष संरक्षित त्वचा (यानी, सनस्क्रीन की उपस्थिति में) पर सनबर्न पैदा करने के लिए कितनी सौर ऊर्जा (यूवी विकिरण) की आवश्यकता होती है।
जैसे-जैसे एसपीएफ़ मान बढ़ता है, सनबर्न से सुरक्षा बढ़ती है। एसपीएफ़ मान आमतौर पर केवल यूवीबी किरणों को संदर्भित करता है। उदाहरण के लिए, एसपीएफ़ 30 एसपीएफ़ 30 की तुलना में अधिक सुरक्षा प्रदान करता है। एक विशिष्ट एसपीएफ़ वाला उत्पाद यूवीबी किरणों को प्रभावी ढंग से रोकता है लेकिन त्वचा की उम्र बढ़ने के लिए जिम्मेदार यूवीए किरणों के खिलाफ उचित सुरक्षा नहीं देता है। इसीलिए व्यापक-स्पेक्ट्रम सुरक्षा के साथ एक उपयुक्त एसपीएफ़ चुनना आवश्यक है। ब्रॉड-स्पेक्ट्रम सनस्क्रीन उसी तरह यूवीए किरणों से रक्षा करते हैं जैसे एसपीएफ़ यूवीबी से रक्षा करते हैं।
सनस्क्रीन में PA+++ रेटिंग क्या है?
सनस्क्रीन की PA+++ रेटिंग है; हमें इसके UVA-PF का एक मोटा अंदाज़ा है। UVA-PF का मतलब UVA सुरक्षा कारक है और यह मापता है कि एक सनस्क्रीन UVA सुरक्षा कितनी प्रदान करता है। पीए सिस्टम सनस्क्रीन को उनके यूवीए-पीएफ/पीपीडी मान के आधार पर समूहों में बांटता है। जितना अधिक + होगा, पीपीडी/यूवीए-पीएफ उतना ही अधिक होगा। पीपीडी और यूवीए-पीएफ अत्यधिक सहसंबद्ध हैं, और मान लगभग समान हैं।
- पीए+ = यूवीएपीएफ 2 और 4 के बीच
- पीए++ = यूवीएपीएफ 4 और 8 के बीच
- पीए+++ = यूवीएपीएफ 8 से अधिक
- पीए++++ (2013 में जोड़ा गया) = यूवीएपीएफ 16 से अधिक
यूवीए-पीएफ बताए गए एसपीएफ़ मान का कम से कम 1/3 है।
- एसपीएफ़15 = यूवीए-पीएफ 5
- एसपीएफ़30 = यूवीए-पीएफ 10
- एसपीएफ़50 = यूवीए-पीएफ 16 (सनस्क्रीन का परीक्षण कैसे किया जाता है? एसपीएफ़ बनाम यूवीए-पीएफ: वैज्ञानिक सनस्क्रीन गाइड भाग II, 2023)
सनस्क्रीन और विटामिन डी:
यूवीबी विकिरण त्वचा में 90% से अधिक विटामिन डी उत्पादन के लिए जिम्मेदार है। ऐसा कहा जाता है कि सप्ताह में दो से तीन बार गर्मियों की धूप में कुछ मिनट रहना विटामिन डी संश्लेषण के लिए पर्याप्त है। इस बात के प्रमाण हैं कि यद्यपि सनस्क्रीन कड़ाई से नियंत्रित परिस्थितियों में विटामिन डी के उत्पादन को काफी कम कर सकते हैं, लेकिन उनके सामान्य उपयोग से आमतौर पर विटामिन डी की कमी नहीं होती है। (सौम्या कैमल, 2011)
स्कूली विद्यार्थियों को सनस्क्रीन का उपयोग क्यों करना चाहिए?
सुबह 11 बजे से दोपहर 3 बजे के व्यस्त घंटों के दौरान धूप से बचाव सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है, लेकिन स्कूली विद्यार्थियों को भी रोजाना सनस्क्रीन लगाना चाहिए क्योंकि वे प्रार्थना, अवकाश, खेलने और स्कूल बस आदि के इंतजार के लिए बाहर होंगे। (गोल्डश्नाइडर, 2018) बच्चे, विशेष रूप से प्राथमिक विद्यालय में, स्कूल के दिन के दौरान धूप में काफी रहना पड़ सकता है। जैसा कि हम जानते हैं, रोजाना लंबे समय तक हानिकारक सूरज की किरणों के संपर्क में रहने से त्वचा में कालापन (सनटैन), सनबर्न और लालिमा आ जाती है और बाद में कैंसर का कारण बन सकता है; गर्मियों की गर्मी से किशोरों में मुँहासे की संभावना भी बढ़ जाती है। (स्वास्थ्य, 2022) फोटोप्रोटेक्शन के संबंध में बच्चों और उनके माता-पिता को शिक्षा देना आवश्यक है। यह ध्यान दिया जाना चाहिए कि फोटोडैमेज सभी प्रकार की त्वचा वाले बच्चों में हो सकता है। इसलिए, माता-पिता को अक्सर यह सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि उनके बच्चे गर्मी के महीनों के दौरान सनस्क्रीन का उपयोग करें, भले ही वे अंदर हों।
बच्चों के लिए आदर्श सनस्क्रीन उत्पादों में व्यापक स्पेक्ट्रम यूवीआर कवरेज और अच्छी फोटोस्टेबिलिटी, फैलाव और सौंदर्यशास्त्र होना चाहिए। (स्वास्थ्य, 2022)।
विभिन्न प्रकार के सनस्क्रीन:
सनस्क्रीन सामग्री दो अलग-अलग श्रेणियों में आती हैं: खनिज और रासायनिक। मिनरल सनस्क्रीन में जिंक ऑक्साइड और टाइटेनियम डाइऑक्साइड जैसे भौतिक यूवी फिल्टर होते हैं, जो त्वचा से यूवी विकिरण को प्रतिबिंबित या अपवर्तित करके व्यापक स्पेक्ट्रम यूवी कवरेज प्रदान करते हैं। रासायनिक सनस्क्रीन में यूवी फिल्टर होते हैं जो यूवी विकिरण को अवशोषित करते हैं और जब संयोजन में उपयोग किया जाता है, तो समान लाभ प्रदान कर सकते हैं। (एडवोले एस. एडमसन, 2020)
त्वचा को हानिकारक पराबैंगनी विकिरण से बचाने के लिए सनस्क्रीन लगाना आवश्यक है। द अमेरिकन एकेडमी ऑफ डर्मेटोलॉजी (एएडी) के अनुसार, त्वचा के रंग की परवाह किए बिना सभी प्रकार के लोगों को एसपीएफ 30 या इससे अधिक वाला सनस्क्रीन लगाना चाहिए। (क्या बच्चों को सनस्क्रीन लगाना चाहिए? एक त्वचा विशेषज्ञ का जवाब, 2022)
इंडियन जर्नल ऑफ डर्मेटोलॉजी, वेनरोलॉजी और लेप्रोलॉजी के अनुसार, एक आदर्श सनस्क्रीन होगी: (सौम्या कैमल, 2011)
- भौतिक और रासायनिक एजेंट का एक संयोजन
- व्यापक परछाई
- सौंदर्य प्रसाधन की दृष्टि से सुरुचिपूर्ण
- मूल
- गैर अड़चन
- hypoallergenic
- मुंहासे पैदा न करने वाला
- किफ़ायती
हमें सनस्क्रीन का उपयोग क्यों करना चाहिए?
सनस्क्रीन मुख्य रूप से त्वचा को पराबैंगनी विकिरण, गर्मी के संपर्क, कंप्यूटर मॉनिटर से निकलने वाली हानिकारक किरणों, कुछ हैलोजन, फ्लोरोसेंट और गरमागरम रोशनी और त्वचा संबंधी त्वचा देखभाल दिनचर्या के बाद की प्रक्रिया के अल्पकालिक और दीर्घकालिक प्रभावों से बचाते हैं।
सनस्क्रीन के उपयोग के सामान्य संकेत निम्नलिखित की रोकथाम और प्रबंधन में हैं:
- धूप की कालिमा
- झाइयां
- काले धब्बे
- काले धब्बे
- मलिनकिरण
- hyperpigmentation
- फोटो-एजिंग
- फोटो-एलर्जी प्रतिक्रिया
- ऐल्बिनिज़म (हाइपोपिग्मेंटेशन)
- प्रकाश संवेदनशीलता रोग
- सूजन के बाद हाइपरपिग्मेंटेशन (प्रक्रिया के बाद)
- त्वचा कैंसर (सौम्य कैमल, 2011)
सनस्क्रीन का उपयोग किसे करना चाहिए?
पुरुषों, महिलाओं और छह महीने से अधिक उम्र के बच्चों को रोजाना सनस्क्रीन का इस्तेमाल करना चाहिए। इसमें वे लोग शामिल हैं जो जल्दी टैन हो जाते हैं और वे भी जो टैन नहीं करते।
आपको अपने बच्चे के लिए स्कूलर सनस्क्रीन क्यों चुनना चाहिए?
हाइपोएलर्जेनिक सनस्क्रीन टिनोसोरब एम की मदद से त्वचा को हानिकारक यूवी किरणों से लंबे समय तक बचाने में मदद करता है, जो सूक्ष्म-सूक्ष्म कार्बनिक कण प्रौद्योगिकी के आधार पर व्यापक संभव यूवी सुरक्षा प्रदान करता है। यह कम सांद्रता में अत्यधिक कुशल है और लंबे समय तक त्वचा की क्षति को रोकने के लिए परिरक्षकों से मुक्त है। यह माइक्रोफाइन कण प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग करने वाला पहला सन फिल्टर है, जो सूक्ष्म रंगद्रव्य और कार्बनिक यूवी अवशोषक के रूप में कार्य करता है। यह अपनी त्रिगुण क्रिया के कारण अत्यधिक कुशल सनस्क्रीन है: एक फोटो-स्थिर कार्बनिक अणु द्वारा यूवी अवशोषण, प्रकाश बिखराव और इसकी सूक्ष्म संरचना द्वारा प्रकाश प्रतिबिंब।
समृद्ध चंदन आवश्यक तेल सुखदायक और नरम प्रभाव देता है और खुजली और सूजन से राहत देता है। इसका एंटीसेप्टिक गुण मुंहासों, फोड़े-फुन्सियों और संक्रमित घावों में सहायक होता है। सूखी और निर्जलित त्वचा के लिए उत्कृष्ट।
जैतून का तेल विटामिन, ज्यादातर ई और के और ए और डी की अच्छाइयों के साथ तीव्र मॉइस्चराइजेशन में मदद करता है। यह सनबर्न को रोकने में भी मदद करता है।
स्कूलर्स सनस्क्रीन:
विशेष रूप से स्कूल जाने वाले बच्चों और उससे ऊपर के बच्चों के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया, केया सेठ अरोमाथेरेपी स्कूलर्स सनस्क्रीन प्रस्तुत करता है। बच्चों की संवेदनशील और नाजुक त्वचा का ध्यान रखें; यह सनस्क्रीन चंदन आवश्यक तेल, समृद्ध जैतून का तेल और पीए++ और एसपीएफ़ 30 सुविधा के साथ यूवी फिल्टर टिनोसोरब एम के साथ तैयार किया गया है जो सनटैन को रोकता है और खुजली और चकत्ते को दूर रखता है।
सनस्क्रीन कब और कितनी मात्रा में लगाना चाहिए?
धूप में निकलने से लगभग 15-20 मिनट पहले सनस्क्रीन लगाना चाहिए और हर दो घंटे में कम से कम एक बार और पानी के संपर्क में आने, जैसे तैराकी या पसीना आने के बाद दोबारा लगाना चाहिए। एक औसत वयस्क के शरीर को ढकने के लिए उजागर त्वचा के प्रत्येक वर्ग सेंटीमीटर पर 2 मिलीग्राम लोशन/क्रीम या लगभग छह से नौ पूर्ण चम्मच। बच्चों के लिए तीन से चार चम्मच शरीर को ढक देते हैं।
हमें और क्या जानना चाहिए?
PABA युक्त सनस्क्रीन न खरीदें, इससे त्वचा में एलर्जी हो सकती है। घटक ऑक्सीबेनज़ोन से बचें, जिसमें हार्मोनल गुण हो सकते हैं। किशोरों और किशोरों को ब्रॉड स्पेक्ट्रम यूवीए-पीएफ सुरक्षा वाला एक अच्छा सनस्क्रीन चुनना चाहिए। (एलाना पर्ल बेन-जोसेफ, 2021)। सुनिश्चित करें कि आप बच्चों को जो सनस्क्रीन दें वह आंखों को परेशान न करने वाला होना चाहिए।
सन्दर्भ:
- एडेवोले एस. एडमसन, केएस (2020, 21 जनवरी)। सनस्क्रीन का प्रणालीगत अवशोषण । डीओआई: डीओआई:10.1001/जामा.2019.20143
- एलाना पर्ल बेन-जोसेफ, एम. (2021, जुलाई)। सनस्क्रीन कैसे चुनें और उपयोग करें। https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sunscreen.html से लिया गया
- गोल्डश्नाइडर, जे. (2018, 5 जुलाई)। क्यों सनस्क्रीन आपके बच्चे की रोजमर्रा की दिनचर्या का हिस्सा होना चाहिए ? https://www.northjersey.com/story/life/columnists/2018/07/05/sunscreen-should-part-your-childs-routine/750958002/ से लिया गया
- स्वास्थ्य, एन. (2022, अप्रैल, 18)। बच्चों में सनस्क्रीन: बच्चों को धूप से सुरक्षित बनाएं! https://www.नारायणhealth.org/blog/sunscreens-in-children-make-children-sun-safe/ से लिया गया
- सनस्क्रीन का परीक्षण कैसे किया जाता है? एसपीएफ़ बनाम यूवीए-पीएफ: वैज्ञानिक सनस्क्रीन गाइड भाग 2. (2023)। (2023)।
- सनस्क्रीन का परीक्षण कैसे किया जाता है? एसपीएफ़ बनाम यूवीए-पीएफ: वैज्ञानिक सनस्क्रीन गाइड भाग II। (2023)। https://rebund-com.ngontinh24.com/article/how-is-sunscreen-tested-spf-vs-uva-pf-scientific-sunscreen-guide-part-ii#toc-15 से लिया गया
- सचदेव, पी. (2022, 22 फरवरी)। सूरज की रोशनी और आपका स्वास्थ्य. https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ss/slideshow-sunlight-health-effects (2022) से लिया गया।
- क्या बच्चों को सनस्क्रीन लगाना चाहिए? एक त्वचा विशेषज्ञ उत्तर देता है। नई दिल्ली: लाइफस्टाइल डेस्क.
- सौम्या कैमल, एए (2011)। सनस्क्रीन । doi:doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.77480
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